Periodontal disease is the destruction of bone, gum tissue, and other structures that surround and support the teeth. Bacterial infection and the development of biofilms on the teeth play a key role in the progression of this disease.

Stages of Gum Disease in Cats

Cats share a grading system with dogs that ranges from Grade 0 to Grade 4. Grade 0 indicates the absence of disease. Grade 1 is inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis. Grade 2 involves worsening inflammation and less than 25% bone loss. Grade 3 shows further bone loss (25%–50%) and early gum destruction. Grade 4 reveals exposed tooth roots, severe gum destruction, and more than 50% bone loss.

Cats Are More Prone to Severe Gum Disease

Unlike dogs, however, cats can suffer from more severe gum disease than the amount of visible tartar buildup would suggest. Several viral diseases—such as FIV, FeLV, and Calicivirus—may cause significant gingivitis and secondary periodontal disease. Immune-mediated conditions like gingivostomatitis involve a hypersensitive immune response to even small amounts of plaque, resulting in far worse inflammation and periodontal disease than expected.

Additionally, around 50% of cats over the age of three will experience a process of immune-mediated decay known as tooth resorption, affecting at least one tooth and leading to severe localized gingivitis.

Gum Disease Prevention & Treatment for Cats in Houston

The best way to maintain your cat’s oral health is through consistent home dental care and by having their mouth evaluated and treated by a veterinarian at least once a year. Please call our office to schedule your cat’s oral evaluation with one of our doctors.

Images used under creative commons license – commercial use (6/19/2025). Photo by Sandie Clarke on Unsplash